Brown fat, also known as Pardo adipose tissue (BAT), is a type of fat in our body that is different from white fat around the abdomen and the thighs with which we are more familiar. Brown fat has a special function: it helps a burn calories of the food we eat to heat them, which could be useful, special mental when we are exposed to cold temperatures, such as during swimming in winter or craya. It is known that if it is achieved activated brown fat there is a weight loss
For a long time, scientists thought only small animals, such as mice and newborns, had brown fat. But a new research mass that a certain number of adults maintain their brown gauze throughout life.
Because brown fat is so good to burn calories, scientists are trying to find ways to activate it safely using medications that increase their capable of producing heat.
Now, an investigation that is public in 'Metabolism of Nature' has discovered that brown fat has an acting mechanism until now unknown that turns it off shortly after activating. This limits its effectiveness as a treatment against obesity.
According to the first author of the study, Hande Tapel, from the University of Southern Denmark and in the Novo Nordisk Center of Adipocyte Signaling (adiposign), the team has discovered a protein responsible for this shutdown process. Sellama 'AC3-AT'.
The future, we believe that finding ways of blocking AC3-AT could be a paracodora aim to activate the brown fat and address related obesity and health problems," says Hande Topel.
The uuga found the off protein using advanced technology that predicts disconocid proteins.
"When we investigated mice that genetic me did not have AC3-AT, we discovered that they were protected against obesity, partly because their cure bodies simple burned best calories and could increase their metabolic rates activating brown garda," explains Tapel.
The scientists fed two groups of mice with a fat -rich diet for 15 weeks, which returned obese. The group that was eliminated by the AC3-AT protein gained less weight than the control group and was healthier metabolic.
"The rats that did not have AC3-AT also accumulated less fat in their cure body and attempted their lean mass compared to the control mice," says co-author Ronja Kardinal, from the University of Bonn (Germany). "As AC3-AT is not only in mice but also in humans and other species, there are direct therapeutic implications for humans."
Exhibitionis to low temperatures increase the levels of a protein that is fundamental for the formation of brown fat fat
Although the prevalence of brown gauze decreases as humans age, and a regret that adults do not have as much brown fat as the newborns, it can still be activated, for example, by exposure to cold.
It was checked by a team of researchers from the University of California-Berkeley (USA), in a study published in "Molecular Cell" in which they saw that the exhibitionis to the low temperatures increase the levels of a protein that is fundamental to the formation of brown or brown fat, also known as 'good' fat since they consume energy, that is, calories, to generate calm. According to the researchers, with prolonged exposure in cold air, the protection, transcription call factor ZFP516, also makes white fat, the most abundant in our quarter, sea of seas similar to brown fat in its Capio, January, January, January, January, January, I teach. Therefore, weight weight.
The study in 'Nature' did not identify only AC3-AT, which is a shorter and more discounted form of AC3 proteia. The researchers of the researchers also found other versions of unknown genes/proteins that respond to exposure to cold, similar to AC3-AT.
"However, more research is needed to elucidate the therapeutic impact of these alternative genestos products and their regulatory mechanisms during the activation of BA," says the corresponding co -author, Dagmar Wachten.
Understanding this type of molecular mechanisms not only sheds light on the regulation of brown gauze, but is also promising to unravel similar mechanisms in otrera celasigues. This knowledge can be fundamental to improve our understanding of various diseases and the development of new treatments, ”says the corresponding co-author, Professor Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld, from the University of Delur de Denmark.
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